A Solar boiler is the device used to heat water using solar energy. It consists of these parts:
1. The Collector, made by the absorbing plate and a thermal box. The absorbing plate is the receiving unit of solar radiation, it is formed by an iron slide added with a series of parallel tubes where the water runs. The thermal box has the absorbing plate on the inside with an isolating mattress .
2. The storage tank stores the hot water until it is used. The tank is isolated to keep the temperature.
3. The connection, used for the water to run between the collector and the tank during sunny hours, and from this to the tubes.
Cold water goes from the lower part of the collector and warms because of the radiation effect on its way up through the absorbing plate. Hot water coming out from the collector, enters the tank from the top, in the meanwhile, cold water comes to the collectors even colder, to circulate continually during sun time.
To build a solar boiler is pretty simple, and it can be adapted according to the materials you have.
The thermal box has 198cm long x 15 cm tall x 83cm wide, covered with a thick glass or two. The bottom is made of iron or flat lamine, on its top the isolating material (sawdust, wool, straw or tecknoport), then, another iron plate or lamine (painted black); than the galvanized iron tubes or plastic tubes or a 3/4 inches black hose, and on the top the glass. If there are two glasses they must be separated 2 cms. Everything must be properly sealed to avoid the filtration of rain water.
The storage tank may be a 25 gallon cylinder, with four galvanized niples (two of 1 inch and two of 1/5 inch) and a leveling buoy like the one inside the W.C. in the bathroom. Cold water enters from the top (1/2 inch niple), with the buoy and an average large tube on the tank, so the cold water enters from the bottom. Water from the boiler comes from the side (1 inch niple). Water enters to the boiler from the bottom side (1 inch niple). And the exit for hot water to the use network is from the bottom side of the tank (1/2 inch niple).
The interconnections of the tank with the heater, is of jebe or isolated hoses. The tank and the pipe must be isolated with a lining of about 8 cm of the same materials showed for the thermal box. The maintenance must be constant: cleaning of the glass on the thermal box; seal of glasses with putty; paint of the wood parts; verifying of the operation of the buoy or floater; inspection of the inner painting of the tank; and control of any filtration.
Solar thermal is located in the ceiling of the house, so as the the tank. If the house has a two waters ceiling the tank can be underneath the ceiling, whenever is about 60 cm higher than thermal or heater.
In the school the construction of a solar thermal is a very useful exercise, and its learning would have to be obligatory in the countryside and urban zones.
Solar energy is becoming the future of today.
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